Tubing Analysis System TAS
TAS is a computer program designed to perform various calculations and simulations often needed in tubular applications. TAS is used as a coiled tubing job simulator, designing velocity strings, drill pipe applications, under-balanced drilling, cementing, and wireline simulations. TAS is an integrated modular program incorporating Force and Stress Analysis, Fluid Circulation, and Transient Simulator, in addition to numerous quick computations often needed in tubular computations.
Data Acquisition and Real Time Processing DART
Dart is a flexible data acquisition software capable of logging data from any hardware through serial port or through Ethernet TCP/IP. DART can be used for any application where real time data is required.
Fatigue Analysis for Coiled Tubing FACT FACT is a management tool that can be used to maximize the safe use of coiled tubing strings. the Fatigue Analysis, tracks life consumption of individual coiled tubing strings and parts of the strings subject to the jobs carried out in wells or in the yard, showing consumption per job
REAM HMI (Real-time Electronic Acquisition & Monitoring with Human Machine Interface)
The REAM HMI is a user-friendly data acquisition system that reads data from electronic sensors and displays the data on an 8.4” TFT touch screen, which acts as both an input and an output device. The system records the data on solid state Compact Flash memory and allows remote monitoring of the data.
(Tubing Ovality Monitor) TOM
TOM is a fast and accurate laser diameter measuring tool.It has user friendly handling, does not require a computer in real-time operation and has high dirt and dust tolerance...
Force and Stress Analysis Module
The computations in this module include the effects of weight, friction, buoyancy, well head pressure, pressure drop through downhole tools, dog-leg severity, and extra friction (in buckling modes, i.e. sinusoidal and helical).The module will automatically detect critical conditions such as lockup and severe dog-legs. Furthermore, several options are available for simulating different scenarios such as applying weight-on-bit, bottom-hole pull, changing well conditions to account for fluid circulation effects, predicting maximum pull, and predicting maximum push to lockup.
Fluid Circulation Module
This is made up of two models, one for single phase flows and the other for multi-phase.Single Phase Model:
- Any one of three models may be used to describe the rheological behaviour of liquids as Newtonian, Power-Law or Bingham Plastic.
- The single phase fluids can be compressible as in the case of gas
- Foam is treated as a single phase Bingham Plastic fluid where the rheological properties are a function of the foam quality and the shear rate. Foam is a compressible fluid.
Multi Phase Model:
Computations are based on the Duns and Ros, Beggs and Brill, or Hagedorn and Brown algorithms. The user has a choice of selecting the preferred method of computation.
Other Features include:
- Velocity string designs
- Sand/cuttings cleanout
Unload Kill Fluids
This simulator is for designing and optimising unloading kill fluids using N2 through coiled tubing. The module performs a series of scenarios and reports a table of predicted liquid lift rates versus N2 flow rates at various depths. Total N2 and time required are also reported.
DART Features include;
- Up to 64 parameters.
- Real time graphs with scrolling back and forth in time.
- Several curves may be merged on any one graph.
- Flexible scaling, curve colour, number format for each parameter on the graph.
- Upper and lower alarms for each parameter.
- Software calibration of parameters without affecting the hardware configuration.
- Curve smoothing by averaging values.
- User defined/computed parameters.
- Data is available for external applications to perform real-time analysis.
- Importing external data in real-time. This can include external applications outputs.
- Automatic peak/trough detection regardless of sampling rate.
- Sampling rates from 1 second.
- Files playback
- Zoom facility before printing.
- Summary reports with comments entered in real-time or edited post job.
Fatigue Analysis for Coiled Tubing (FACT)
FACT is a management tool that can be used to maximize the safe use of coiled tubing strings. The Fatigue Analysis, tracks life consumption of individual coiled tubing strings and parts of the strings subject to jobs carried out by the string in wells or in the yard, and showing life consumption per job.
In addition, the module gives the user the option of finding the maximum number of cycles to fatigue failure, with or without internal pressure and subject to a user specified geometry of the goose-neck and the reel.
In all the computations of this module, corrosion factors (due to acid,cement, etc.) and stress concentration factors (due to welds) are taken into account.
There are two modes of operation of the program, as a stand-alone program where data can be entered manually, or can be used in real-time reading data directly from a data-logging program such as DART producing up-to-date state of the pipe as well as the real-time tri-axial stresses.
At any time, the user can view the current status of the coiled tubing or can review the history of the string.
A database of the most common coiled tubing sizes and materials currently produced by the manufacturers is included. In addition, a database of most common corrosion factors and stress concentrations due welds are also included. The user is also able to add new records to the databases supplied.
(Real-time Electronic Acquisition & Monitoring with Human Machine Interface)
General Info
The system is made of two main parts, REAM is a microprocessor based data acquisition board, which collects data from electronic sensors, digitise the readings, and supply the appropriate excitation voltage to the sensors.The HMI communicate with the REAM board to retrieve, display, and store the data.REAM has 4 analogue channels, 2 counters, and 1 quadrature channel.Finally, the quadrature channel accepts quadrature signals (up/down counter The outputs are available on Web Pages, which mean that they can be viewed remotely on a Local Area Network (LAN) or even a Wide Area Network (WAN), provided that proper Internet connections are vailable. This later feature means that the data can be viewed simultaneously from several terminals. There are many other features in the HMI and these can be tailored to client’s request.The REAM HMI operates on 110 – 250 VAC or 24 VDC.
Measurements
For coiled tubing operations, the following describes the sensors and measurements needed.
Depth/Speed
Depth is measured using a quadrature encoder. A quadrature encoder is basically an up/down counter and therefore can detect change of direction of motion. The rate of change is the speed of the coiled tubing running-in or pulling-out of the well.
Circulating/Well Head Pressure
These are measured using pressure sensors with a suitable range (up to 15,000 psi).
The pressure sensors have an accuracy of ± 1%.
String Weight
String weight can either be measured using a pressure sensor (see Circulating/Well Head Pressure) or using an electronic load cell.
Flow Rate/Flow Total
Flow rates and totals are measured using either a proximity switch or a magnetic pickup.
Displays
LED displays can be used with the REAM HMI system to display digital readings of the various parameters being measured.
The Control Unit
Tubing Ovality Monitor (TOM)
is a fast and accurate laser diameter measuring tool to measure the ovality of coiled tubing
System features include:
- Standard diameter range from 1” to 2?”.
- Very high scan rate (measuring frequency).
- Highly precise measurements.
- Resolution 0.1 µm (0.000005”).
- Simultaneous length measurement using an optical shaft encoder.
- LCD displays showing maximum and minimum diameters, ovality, burst and collapse pressures and length.
- Automatic recording of data.
- User friendly handling, does not require a computer in real-time operation.